Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity Assay Laboratory
Laboratory Services
Cytotoxicity Assay Using the Allium Test
The cytotoxicity assay using the Allium test is a biological method to evaluate the potential harmful effects of substances on cell growth and division. This test utilizes Allium cepa (onion) roots due to their rapid growth and easily observable cell structures. In this assay, onion bulbs are exposed to the substance being tested, and the effects on root growth and cell division are measured. Key indicators of cytotoxicity include the inhibition of root elongation and a decrease in the mitotic index (MI), which is the ratio of dividing cells to the total number of cells. A reduction in root length and a lower mitotic index compared to control groups signify cytotoxic effects, indicating that the substance inhibits cell proliferation and growth.
Genotoxicity Assay Using the Allium Test
The genotoxicity assay with the Allium test is employed to detect substances that cause genetic damage. This damage can lead to mutations or chromosomal alterations, potentially resulting in cancer or other genetic disorders. The test involves exposing onion bulbs to the test substance and then examining the root tips for chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei formation. Chromosomal aberrations, such as breaks, fragments, or abnormal numbers of chromosomes, are indicative of genotoxic effects. Additionally, the presence of micronuclei, which are small, extranuclear bodies formed from chromosomal fragments or whole chromosomes that are not incorporated into the daughter nuclei during cell division, further signifies genotoxicity. This assay helps identify and characterize environmental pollutants and chemicals that pose genetic risks.
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